Readbi Dsc 4english-Discourse markers
Readbi english
Dsc4english
Readbi english
Discourse markers.
Discourse means "
pieces of language
longer than a sentence".
Some words and
expressions are used
to show how discourse
is constructed .
They show connection
between what a
speaker is saying
and what has already
been said .
There are large
number of
discourses .
It is impossible
to to give in a
complete list
in a few pages.
Note that a
discourse
marker usually
comes at the
beginning of a
clause .
The main are
given below
and their uses.
1. Focusing& linking
With reference to ; talking
Speaking of,about:
regarding,as regards,
as far as ....is connected
;as for
These expressions
focus attention on what
is going to be said,by
announcing the subject
in advance.
Eg: with reference to your letter
of 17 March ,I am pleased to
inform you.
2.Balancing contrasting pointsThis expressions are used to balance
two facts or ideas that contrast.
Eg:On the one hand ,we need to
reduce costs.On the other hand
investment.
3.Emphasising a contrast
These emphasise the fact that
the second point contrasts with
the second.
Eg:It was an oppressive dictatorship
, but nevertheless it ensured stability.
Some discourse markers
However, nevertheless ,mind you
Still,yet,in spite of ,despite this.
4.Similarity These are most
common in formal style.
Eg:The roads are usually very
crowed at the beginning of
the holiday.Similarly , they
are often serious traffic jams
at the end of the holiday.
5.concession counter argument
These are used in a third
party structure 1.discussion
of fact ,in a certain direction
2.agreed a particular fact
in other way.3. but the
writer dismiss this&returns
to original.
Concession:it is true,
certainly,of course
granted,if,may,stressed
Counter argument:
how ever,even so,
but,nevertheless
nonetheless,still
Eg:It is true that the
British may have
done some good
in India ,Even so
Colonialism is
basically evil.
6.Contradicting
These can contradict
a suggestion by
another speaker
and when the
writer strengthens
a negative sentence.
Eg:She did not allow
the accident to
discourage her
.on the contrary
she began to work
twice as hard.
7.Dismissal of
previous discourse
Some examples are
at least,any way,
anyhow,at any rate
in any case
Eg:The car is completely
smashed up -I don't
know what we are
going to do,at least
nobody was hurt.
8.Change of subject
These are used to
change the subject
completely.
Some are :by the way
incidentally, right
alright,now,ok.
Eg: I was talking to
Home yesterday ,oh
bye the way ,he sends
you his regards.
9Returns to previous
Subject
These are used to
return an earlier
subject.
Eg:....on the roof
-John ,put the cat
down , please As I was
Saying ,if Jack gets up
on the roof and look at.
Read readbi english
Read readbi , Readbi n
Readbi,readbi,readbi.
Dsc4english
Readbi english
Discourse markers.
Discourse means "
pieces of language
longer than a sentence".
Some words and
expressions are used
to show how discourse
is constructed .
They show connection
between what a
speaker is saying
and what has already
been said .
There are large
number of
discourses .
It is impossible
to to give in a
complete list
in a few pages.
Note that a
discourse
marker usually
comes at the
beginning of a
clause .
The main are
given below
and their uses.
1. Focusing& linking
With reference to ; talking
Speaking of,about:
regarding,as regards,
as far as ....is connected
;as for
These expressions
focus attention on what
is going to be said,by
announcing the subject
in advance.
Eg: with reference to your letter
of 17 March ,I am pleased to
inform you.
2.Balancing contrasting pointsThis expressions are used to balance
two facts or ideas that contrast.
Eg:On the one hand ,we need to
reduce costs.On the other hand
investment.
3.Emphasising a contrast
These emphasise the fact that
the second point contrasts with
the second.
Eg:It was an oppressive dictatorship
, but nevertheless it ensured stability.
Some discourse markers
However, nevertheless ,mind you
Still,yet,in spite of ,despite this.
4.Similarity These are most
common in formal style.
Eg:The roads are usually very
crowed at the beginning of
the holiday.Similarly , they
are often serious traffic jams
at the end of the holiday.
5.concession counter argument
These are used in a third
party structure 1.discussion
of fact ,in a certain direction
2.agreed a particular fact
in other way.3. but the
writer dismiss this&returns
to original.
Concession:it is true,
certainly,of course
granted,if,may,stressed
Counter argument:
how ever,even so,
but,nevertheless
nonetheless,still
Eg:It is true that the
British may have
done some good
in India ,Even so
Colonialism is
basically evil.
6.Contradicting
These can contradict
a suggestion by
another speaker
and when the
writer strengthens
a negative sentence.
Eg:She did not allow
the accident to
discourage her
.on the contrary
she began to work
twice as hard.
7.Dismissal of
previous discourse
Some examples are
at least,any way,
anyhow,at any rate
in any case
Eg:The car is completely
smashed up -I don't
know what we are
going to do,at least
nobody was hurt.
8.Change of subject
These are used to
change the subject
completely.
Some are :by the way
incidentally, right
alright,now,ok.
Eg: I was talking to
Home yesterday ,oh
bye the way ,he sends
you his regards.
9Returns to previous
Subject
These are used to
return an earlier
subject.
Eg:....on the roof
-John ,put the cat
down , please As I was
Saying ,if Jack gets up
on the roof and look at.
Read readbi english
Read readbi , Readbi n
Readbi,readbi,readbi.
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